Guidance on sound data erasure routines
One fundamental aspect when considering the repurposing of technology is to ensure that data privacy and protection
requirements are observed to prevent an unwanted data breach. The reuse of devices with storage components requires a sound process for data sanitization. Moreover, the sanitization process for flash-based memories can be hindered by the added complexity due to data management processes on a device.
Blancco Technology Group is leading the data security aspect of the project with the primary aim of identifying and
disseminating the processes required to enable secure disposal or repurposing of memory components. The guidance report aims to provide recommendations for different entities such as recyclers, companies, governmental organizations and individuals on secure end of lifecycle actions for mobile storage technologies. Additionally, the guidance report gives recommendation to the memory OEMs on actions to be taken to facilitate secure storage sanitization. The report gives a deep overview of mobile and storage technologies, risks and
threats of insecure media sanitization as well as present the analysis on various options for data destruction.

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Solid state memory data erasure Guidance
D5.2 .pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 2.0 MB

sustainablySMART session “Smartphones: Repair, Remanufacturing and Reuse of Components” at CARE Innovation 2018

Following papers have been presented at the CARE Innovation, Vienna, November 26-29, 2018, and are documented in the conference proceeding:

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Mariia Khramova, Sergio Martinez, Duc Nguyen
IMPLICATIONS OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY ON USERS DATA PRIVACY: A CASE STUDY ON ANDROID SMARTPHONES SECOND-HAND MARKET
B02.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 503.2 KB
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Presentation: Implications of circular economy on users data privacy: A case study on android smartphones second-hand market
02.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 1.2 MB
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Mariia Khramova, Sergio Martinez
ANALYSIS OF DATA REMANENCE AFTER FACTORY RESET, AND SOPHISTICATED ATTACKS ON MEMORY CHIPS
B02a.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 1.3 MB
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Christian Clemm, Krystan Marquardt, Nils Dethlefs, Karsten Schischke, Robert Hahn, Nils F. Nissen, Klaus-Dieter Lang
BATTERY HEALTH IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: EMBEDDING AN AGEING MODEL IN THE SMART BATTERY SYSTEM
B03.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 657.4 KB
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Johanna Reimers
Automated Identification and Sorting of Collected Smartphones
B04.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 2.0 MB
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Roland Ambrosch, Ekaterina Ambrosch, Rainer Pamminger, Sebastian Glaser, Max Regenfelder
AUTOMATION OF SMARTPHONE DISASSEMBLY: COLLABORATIVE APPROACH
B05.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 278.3 KB
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Janusz Sitek, Piotr Ciszewski, Piotr Dawidowicz, Marek Koscielski, Aneta Arazna, Kamil Janeczek, Wojciech Steplewski, Gerhard Podhradsky, Roland Ambrosch
DESOLDERING AND REMANUFACTURING OF SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS FROM ELECTRONIC MOBILE DEVICES
B06.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 484.6 KB
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Presentation: Fixing the Scoring of Reparability
Reparability Scoring System
iFixit.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 6.1 MB

Remanufactured BGA
Remanufactured BGA

Remanufactured packaged semiconductors: Technology validation

A key strategy for a high-level reuse of semiconductors from smartphones and other mobile devices is a sound remanufacturing process for harvesting and reworking packaged components. The reliability of these remanufactured integrated circuits needs to be validated to allow for a re-integration in new products. Only if the remanufactured components are not a weak spot in new devices the full circular economy potential of semiconductor reuse can be explored.
sustainablySMART partner Semicon, supported by Tele- and Radio Research Institute (ITR), developed a remanufacturing technology of valuable semiconductor components de-soldered from used mobile products, which was validated in laboratory and industrial investigations. Components in Ball Grid Array (BGA) housing such as flash memories, processors, microcontrollers etc. were selected for the remanufacturing process.
After all laboratory and industrial trials a technique based on automatic solder spheres placing on components pads and flux application was selected as the most promising technique for remanufacturing of valuable semiconductor components. The technology verified independently by partners ITR and Speech in lab and industrial environment confirmed good quality and high reliability of semiconductor components after remanufacturing process.
The remanufactured components using the technique T3E3 seem to be more reliable than
it was expected by the project team. This issue will be the subject of further investigation
in upcoming project activities.


New test device with remanufactured components
New test device with remanufactured components

Reuse of desoldered BGA packages demonstrated
The experiments carried out proved that the use of recovered BGA chips is feasible. Semicon demonstrated the assembly of the boards with industrial equipment. The designed demonstrator devices were functional even after harsh climatic tests. The processes demonstrate implementation of a circular economy approach, advancing the recovery of functional semi-conductor packages, thus saving raw materials and replacing potentially newly manufactured semiconductor components.

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Device with reused components technology demonstration
D4.3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 2.1 MB

Sawyer places the removed back cover into the cover fraction
Sawyer places the removed back cover into the cover fraction

Collaborative disassembly robot: Technology demonstration
ProAutomation has developed a collaborative robot system. The concept implies that the mobile phone disassembly is performed by a robot, while certain complex tasks such as unscrewing PCB screws is performed by operators.
To this end, the collaborative robot SAWYER has been employed.

 

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Disassembly equipment technology demonstration
D3.2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 443.2 KB

Recycling options for Tantalum and Gallium

The sustainablySMART projects explores the option to separate tantalum-rich, gallium-rich and tungsten-rich components from disassembled smartphones as these metals are lost in conventional electronics waste recycling processes. Tungsten has been chosen as a subject of these investigations on top of the other two metals, as it is one of the potential conflict minerals and therefore there is a particular political and industry interest in this material. Components, where most of the 3 metals are found are tantalum capacitors, high-frequency semiconductor modules (containing GaAs chips) and vibration motors with tungsten as a counterweight. Whereas recycling processes for tantalum capacitors are in place for post-industrial scrap and now increasingly also for post-consumer scrap, there is no such technology available for gallium (where the recycling loops end at the level of GaAs wafer scrap) and for tungsten the other contained materials in vibration motors hinder recycling and a pre-treatment process for liberating tungsten would be required. The separation of all three components can be integrated in the automated disassembly process (desoldering of tantalum capacitors and GaAs chip packages along with semiconductor packages for reuse; mechanical removal of the vibration motor from a backside cavity in the LCD frame). A technology concept and application is achieved within this project. The contained material value however is extremely low in the case of gallium, and enough primary material can be made easily available as a by-product of bauxite processing, that there is no case in recovering gallium from complex electronics components. Similarly the value of tantalum found on mainboards of smartphones is in the sub-cent region and economic viability of the extra separation step is questionable. The fact that tantalum is a potential conflict mineral and the much more limited resources compared to gallium and also tungsten might make tantalum capacitors a better candidate for recycling, if this corresponds with company policy. The amount and raw material value of tungsten (maximum 1,8 Euro-Cents per smartphone) lead to the highest priority of all three metals for exploring separation and dedicated recycling. Compared with other metals investigated in this project the theoretical value of tungsten comes close to that of neodymium from loudspeakers, but is much lower than that of the cobalt in the batteries.